The Best Wedding Vendors in Manchester, NH

The Best Wedding Vendors in Manchester, NH

How do we sort results, including Sponsored Ads and personalized results?


1000+ Wedding Vendors in Manchester, NH

Quick responder
Lighthouse Video Productions 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Videographer
  • Storytelling style
  • Starts at $3,999
  • Offer

If you could relive your wedding day after-the-fact, would you? Everyone wants to remember their wedding day - that's why finding a photographer is one of the first things a couple usually does. But do you want to just remember your wedding day, or do you want to relive it? There's no question that when it comes to preserving these memories, video captures them in a much more immersive way than photographs. We believe in telling your wedding story in a compelling way that you and others who watch your wedding film will remember and relive for a lifetime.

Awarded Best of Zola
We hired Ryan for our August 2024 wedding and he was fantastic to work with. We really wanted our wedding film to represent us as a couple, and so the music was incredibly important to us. Ryan gave us access to a database of options and when we made our choice, he even helped us use the song's original sample, too! The result was unique and special and reflective of our style. He was kind, flexible, organized, fair, and professional. We really appreciated how open and collaborative he was. Thank you, Ryan! https://www.youtube.com/watch?vn3Vea9LbNDc Photo by AnneKathryn Photography
Marie N., a year ago
Quick responder
Bright Set Entertainment 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Production company

Your wedding day is one of the most important days of your life. With all that pressure, it’s no wonder couples can start to feel stressed. At Bright Set Entertainment, we’re honored to relieve some of that pressure by providing you with each of your wedding entertainment needs. Thinking you’d like a harpist or string quartet for your ceremony, but want a DJ or wedding band for your reception? No problem! Our "Mix & Match" packages offer different combinations of live music, photo booth, and DJ services. With such a wide variety of talented entertainers at our fingertips, it's our pleasure to provide you with exactly what you're looking for.

The entire team at Bright Set Entertainment was amazing to work with. From start to finish, they were organized, professional, and truly attentive to our needs. We had the pleasure of working with Mario Perrett for our wedding, who played saxophone alongside our DJ, joining in during select parts of songs. He brought incredible energy to the night — even stepping onto the dance floor to hype up our guests. It made the celebration unforgettable!
Lauren C., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Your Way DJ 

4.8

Manchester, NH
  • DJ
  • Starts at $600

I have been in the business for over 40 years. My passion for music helps me provide my clients the best experience possible. Pricing that is affordable is important to me. As one client posted in a review , "He cares more about the people, than the money" I give every client my very best in my service. With so many having ceremonies in one location and a reception in an other, I am capable of providing music for both locations. My clients wishes come first, from special moments to a dvd choreographed to your special music projected while you take the dance floor for that special First Dance. These are just some of the service provided.

Awarded Best of Zola
Gerry was such a pleasure to work with!! He did my cousins wedding in 2016 and mine on 5/18/24! He’s super friendly and funny and makes great music recommendations! When I told him about my dad passing away he made sure to make it a specialty moment! I danced with my brother to you should be here by Cole Swindell and Gerry took the time to make a slideshow of pictures of my dad to play in the background! I would highly recommend Gerry and your way DJ to EVERYONE!!! Thank you Gerry for making my wedding so special ! We really appreciate you ! 3
Taylor and N., 2 years ago
TrendlineTrending
Makeup By Jill Tilton 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Beauty professional
  • Team of 1

For 10 years I’ve had the pleasure of doing what I love. Nothing brings me more joy, than being able to make my clients happy! I am a firm believer in accentuating the natural beauty & not covering it up! I have a huge personality, so working bridal parties is my absolute favorite!

Awarded Best of Zola
I am so lucky to have found Jill. From the very start when I was just starting to look for vendors to the very end when I walked down the aisle, I knew I picked the right makeup artist! My makeup was flawless and I’ve never felt so beautiful. Jill was so easy to talk to and we connected right away at my makeup trial over our music taste. I immediately felt comfortable with Jill. On my wedding day, Jill brought such a fun, positive energy with her and she was also wonderful with my mom who was nervous about having her makeup done. I got so many compliments on my makeup and it lasted ALL night. When we got back from the reception late that night, it was still flawless. I can honestly say I have nothing negative to say and will highly recommend Jill to everyone! Thank you for everything and for being such an important and special part of my big day. I hope to have a special occasion in the future so I can work with Jill again.
Missy T., 7 days ago
Quick responder
Flowers By Jennifer 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Florist
  • Starts at $5,500

Designing for our couples is always such a diverse and unique experience and we love having the opportunity to tell your story through florals and design. You can trust that whether we are designing your florals or coordinating your day, both will be curated for you and your wedding dreams.

I wish there were more than 5 stars to give! I can't overstate how much I recommend Flowers by Jennifer. Jennifer has a gift for what she does, not just in creating gorgeous flower arrangements, but in her ability to work with a couple to truly understand what they want, even if perhaps the bride doesn't know herself, which was my case! She is professional, communicative, and extremely knowledgeable in her field. And maybe more importantly she is kind and a joy to work with. I never felt pressure or stress, she was always so positive. Jennifer asked thoughtful questions to ensure I was getting exactly what I wanted on my big day. I often gave her contradictory inspiration pictures and ideas, and she was able to sift through it all and, combined with my answers to her questions, create the most beautiful flower arrangements and bouquets I and my guests have ever seen. My family still talks about how beautiful the flowers were at my wedding. I will absolutely use Flowers by Jennifer for any and all of my flower needs going forward.
Caity, 2 years ago
Quick responder
PR Bartending & Waitstaff 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Caterer

PR Bartending & Waitstaff offers a fully insured, award-winning mobile bartending and waitstaff service that specializes in rustic barn and tented weddings, as well as corporate and private functions across New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, and Vermont.

Awarded Best of Zola
PR Bar was an absolute blast to work with! They made sure we had everything we needed to make our guests happy! Thank you! Taylor & Noah 5/18/24
Taylor G., 2 years ago
Quick responder
Studio Elizabeth 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Classic style
  • Starts at $2,350

I'm Elizabeth and I am stoked you are taking a minute to view my work. I was born and raised in New Hampshire and serve all of New England. I traveled West for college and learned photography while surrounded by the Teton Mountains. I love working with clients, learning their love story, and delivering beautiful images of their wedding day. As an added bonus, I am a proficient in train bustling, suit button etiquette, pinning boutonnieres, and wedding day crisis management. If you love my work, reach out, let's connect! More of my work can be seen on Instagram, my website, and Facebook (Studio Elizabeth)

Awarded Best of Zola
Elizabeth was the perfect photographer for our wedding! From our initial meeting, I knew she was the most qualified, prepared, and detailed oriented person for the job! She was so organized, and helped our day go super smooth. She provided questionnaires for us to make sure we were on the same page, and knew our values. We met a week before the wedding to go over details, and prepare for the big day which made us get super excited for everything too! My husband and I were a little nervous being the center of attention and in front of the camera the entire day, but she made us feel so comfortable and natural! She was familiar with our Church, and took the extra step to go to our venue prior to the wedding to familiarize herself with that setting as well! I did not even get started on how BEAUTIFUL the pictures came out! Her pictures can be described as light, airy, and fun! We could not believe how stunning and perfect she captured our day. We have gotten so many compliments on the style and edits of our photos. She even writes a blog with her pictures that summarize the day and captures all the moments! Elizabeth gave us the sneak peak 3 days after the wedding which was so fun to go through during our honeymoon, and was early to send us our final images back. I can't wait to use her for future life events, and will highly recommend her to everyone anywhere and especially in the southern NH area!!
Francesca and S., a year ago
GemHidden gem
AMR Design Studio 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Event extras
  • Calligrapher
  • +3 more
  • Starts at $1,500

AMR Design Studio (formerly AMR Calligraphy & Design) is a full-service creative studio specializing in custom stationery and modern-inspired event details. We partner closely with clients to craft cohesive, deeply intentional designs that reflect their unique story.

Working with Sina of AMR Designs for our wedding wellness event was an absolute dream. From the very beginning, she was collaborative, creative, and deeply invested in bringing our vision to life. Sina went above and beyond every step of the way - offering thoughtful ideas, refining details with care, and ensuring every element felt cohesive and intentional. Her signage design was exceptional and played such a key role in elevating the experience. She took our concepts and transformed them into pieces that were both beautiful and functional, seamlessly tying the entire event together. Her talent is matched only by her professionalism and warmth. We couldn’t be more grateful for her partnership and the beauty she brought to this experience. If you’re looking for someone who truly elevates an event, Sina is the one you want by your side.
Amanda L., 6 days ago
TrendlineTrending
The Venues at The Factory on Willow 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Venue
  • Up to 200 guests
  • Select services
  • Indoor & outdoor
  • Starts at $7,900

Welcome to our gorgeous industrial-chic mill space! Located on the grounds of an old shoe manufacturer, our space has a rich history that we're proud to showcase. We're a refreshingly modern & adaptable gathering space that can be intimate and hold up to ~250 guests. Neighboring Distillery, lodging onsite, .5 mile access to downtown, and just a 9-minute drive to the airport. Vendor Flexibility, 20’ ceilings, No Drink or Food Minimum, Food Truck Access and Catering Prep Kitchen. We provide a safe and joyful space for everyone to come together, hosting multicultural celebrations, embracing same-sex weddings, and collaborating with BIPOC partners and vendors to create meaningful experiences for all.

Why you'll love this venue

  • Caters to out-of-town guests
  • Flexible event spaces
  • Combines timeless elegance with history

Venue considerations

  • No all-inclusive dining options
  • Large venue, not ideal for small guest lists
Awarded Best of Zola
We had an outstanding experience working with Marlana and Molly at The Venues at The Factory on Willow for our wedding. Their communication was exceptional—prompt, clear, and proactive. They provided us with a comprehensive planning spreadsheet that streamlined the entire process, ensuring that every detail was meticulously organized. The venue itself is breathtaking, featuring expansive event spaces and picturesque photo locations, perfect for capturing special moments. Marlana and Molly went above and beyond, managing both the setup and takedown within our tight timeframe, while also ensuring that our day unfolded seamlessly. From the initial planning stages to the final event execution, the team at The Factory demonstrated professionalism, dedication, and a genuine commitment to making our wedding day flawless. We couldn’t have asked for a better experience!
Seth O., a year ago
GemHidden gem
Natalia Price Photography 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Classic style
  • Starts at $3,500

Hello and welcome to my page! After years of interest in photography as a beloved hobby, I decided in 2018 to leave my accounting/auditing career in NYC and pursue my obsession with beautiful imagery full time. In my photography, I strive to capture a clean and natural composition. Candid and in-the-moment shots are my favorite photos. I gently guide clients to comfortable poses, movements, activities that make for great photographs. In a way, I find that photography is magical! I would love to create an image for you that would be cherished.

I recently had the pleasure of working with Natalia from Natalia Price Photography for an important event, and I couldn't be happier with the results. From start to finish, Natalia was professional, attentive, and incredibly talented. The photos from our event are stunning. Natalia managed to capture every significant moment beautifully, along with many candid shots that truly highlight the spirit and emotion of the day. The quality and clarity of the photos are exceptional, and I've received countless compliments from guests and clients alike. What impressed me most was Natalia's ability to be unobtrusive while still getting perfect shots. Their eye for detail and knack for capturing the perfect moment are remarkable. Overall, I highly recommend Natalia Price Photography for any event. Her passion for photography and commitment to excellence are evident in every photo. I look forward to working with them again in the future.
Natalia M., a year ago
Quick responder
New England Custom Wedding Design 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Planner
  • Offers 2 services
  • Starts at $250

Hi, I am Nikki! I believe there is no 'right way' to plan any event, especially your wedding. After a decade of working in hospitality and event planning, I found my passion in helping plan weddings over any other event. Your love story is one-of-a-kind, and I'm excited to get to know you so I can do my favorite part of planning - finding creative ways to make your wedding uniquely yours!

New England Custom Wedding Design is the best wedding planner I could have ever asked for. Nikki was so kind, effective, and quick to respond throughout the entire process. Her communication style was incredibly helpful, and the quality of her work was phenomenal. Nikki created a beautiful welcome pamphlet for our guests, complete with details about the events, things to do, and anecdotes from friends and family. She also expertly coordinated all of our vendors and provided us with the most helpful day-of binder to ensure our wedding day went off without a hitch. Nikki's creativity and attention to detail made our special day truly unforgettable.
Steph, a year ago
Quick responder
New England Wedding Nanny 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Event extras
  • Child care services
  • Starts at $450

New England Wedding Nanny provides trusted, professional childcare for weddings and events across New England. With a background in education and experience as a nanny for high-profile families, I created this service to give couples and guests peace of mind on the big day. From getting kids dressed to bedtime routines, we keep little ones happy, safe, and entertained—so everyone can relax and enjoy the celebration. We offer customizable packages, including overnight care, and come fully insured.

I can't express how amazing it was to have childcare during our big weekend celebration. My nephew was in the wedding and it was great to be able to have him there for the ceremony but then adults only for the reception. Didn't realize how beneficial this was until the day was over. Thank you SO much !!!
Marie F., 5 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Queen City Cupcake & Gift Shop 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Cakes & desserts
  • Starts at $3

Our family-operated bakery, established in 2011, specializes in producing small batch, freshly baked goods with high-quality ingredients. We offer an extensive selection of cupcake & cookie flavors and displays for weddings, and our pricing remains consistent regardless of the event. Couples can customize packages to suit their budget, ranging from simple order and pick-up to comprehensive packages that include desserts, stands, delivery, and setup. We are the preferred cupcake vendor for many of the top tier wedding venues in New Hampshire, which makes for a seamless experience.

We used QCC for our dessert & ' cake' cutting at our wedding & it was by far one of the most talked about details , still to this day - 9 months later. The cupcakes were delicious, & beautiful!! & they delivered & set up, & the owner was so amazing with communication that it made it such a win on our end! Highly recommend them!
Heather S., 10 months ago
Quick responder
Michael Cirelli Photography 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Fine art style
  • Starts at $2,400

Michael Cirelli is an award winning New Hampshire based photographer that has been photographing weddings for the last 18 years. Michael has a BFA from the Cleveland Inst. of Art and a MFA from the Art Inst. of Boston at Lesley University. Michael's approach to photographing weddings is natural, photojournalistic, and showcasing the fun and excitement of your wedding. Michael travels all over New England for weddings; servicing N.H., M.A., R.I., V.T., M.E., and CT. Michael is also available for travel.

Awarded Best of Zola
A lot of people come away from the wedding talking about how good the food was, how much fun they had, how they loved the venue, etc. but with my wedding the number one thing everyone was talking about was the photographer! Michael Cirelli was AMAZING! He made the entire experience perfect, offered such unique suggestions for photos and just blended in seamlessly where people didn't even know he was there but then see what fantastic shots he got and can't believe it. We've had multiple people reach out to us saying that our wedding photos are the best wedding pictures they've ever seen. Cannot rave about him enough!
Amanda Amato, 4 years ago
GemHidden gem
Ellie and Piper Party Boutique - Balloons 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Event extras
  • Styling
  • +3 more
  • Starts at $500

Ellie and Piper is a luxury event styling company specializing in bespoke balloon installations that transform celebrations into unforgettable experiences. From corporate gatherings, small business grand openings, ribbon cuttings, and brand activations to intimate private parties like milestone birthdays, bridal showers, and baby showers, our team curates designs tailored to each space and occasion.

Ellie and Piper was wonderful! From help with planning and choosing the right type of balloon for my needs, all the way through the pick-up of the product, they were so helpful. The owner, Tina, even made a great suggestion to use a few balloons with "fake" confetti since our event venue did not allow real confetti on site. It was perfect and still gave me the look I wanted for my stepdaughter's Sweet 16. Thank you, Ellie and Piper!
Cassandra S., 3 months ago
Quick responder
The Wander Bar 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Bar services & beverages

The Wander Bar is a fully insured New England based Mobile Bartending Service. Our Renovated Vintage Horse Trailer Bar makes the perfect aesthetic addition to outdoor wedding events and our Portable Bar Station is a great option for indoor weddings and smaller events. Bar service is provided by our friendly and knowledgable TIPS Alcohol Safety Certfied bartenders. Whether you’re planning your wedding bar service, engagement party, Jack & Jill party, or rehearsal dinner, The Wander Bar is here to help you shake things up. Some Bar Trailer dates are available for 2026 Weddings and books are now open for 2027 Wedding dates.

The Wander Bar was such an amazing addition to my daughter's wedding. They were incredibly professional throughout the entire event, yet also knew how to create a fun and lively atmosphere that perfectly complemented the celebration. The bartenders were knowledgeable, attentive, and made sure every guest's drink order was prepared promptly and with care. Their selection of beverages was impressive, and they were able to accommodate all of our guests' preferences. I would highly recommend The Wander Bar to any couple looking for top-notch bar services that will elevate their wedding day experience.
Rob, 7 months ago
TrendlineTrending
Perrone&Moulin PHOTOGRAPHY 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Fine art style
  • Starts at $2,000

We’re Natalia & Abel, a husband-and-wife team capturing love stories with emotion, honesty, and artistry. Based in New England, we believe every couple deserves timeless images that feel true to who they are. Photography is more than a job for us—it’s our heart and our calling.

Natalia’s work is always exceptional. She was the one capturing our engagement photos, the attention to the small details makes every picture captured a perfect job in showing the moment. I recommend her work 100%. The best one out there!
Andressa G., 7 months ago
GemHidden gem
Molly Burns Photography 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Photojournalistic style
  • Starts at $3,000

you can typically find me frolicking barefoot in the forest while chasing the sunset. my work is definitely fueled by nature. i love photographing outdoors as much as possible. i’m a very earthy person and rainy days feed my soul. too inspired to be tired, is my motto. i am definitely a workaholic and think there is never enough hours in a day. i thrive during the night, this is when i’m the most inspired and get the most done

Molly is a true talent in capturing raw, unfiltered emotions in an effortless way. Possibly our favorite thing between our engagement and wedding shoot is that none of it felt overly posed or forced. Molly seamlessly worked in the moment resulting in some of our favorite shots that continues to blow us away. She was a pleasure to work with and was communicative with us both as well as our wedding coordinator. We would recommend Molly to anyone, truly!
Michelle + J., 5 years ago
Quick responder
Ashley Helen Photography 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Photographer
  • Fine art style
  • Starts at $9,000

Artist | Mama | Aspiring Plant Lady | Insatiable Sweet Tooth | Enneagram 9 | Southerner Living in New England Lover of antiques, rustic European style, and fluffy animals. Middle of three sisters. Collector of vintage cameras, milk glass, and music boxes. Hi! I'm Ashley. I'm a fine-art wedding and boudoir photographer, and love what I do because of the places I've been and the people I have met (and photographed) along the way. I work with Old-World Romantics who value heirlooms and elegance to create bespoke wedding albums worth cherishing for generations.

Ashley Helen captures the most elegant images, her creativity is fantastic and we could not be more pleased. In addition to her finding a way to make our day perfect, her follow-up and professionalism was also perfect. The wedding album itself is beyond anything we could have imagined. Her attention to details is evident in the quality of images she was able to produce. Our wedding day was presented with the grace and class we had hoped for, nothing was typical or cheesy, everything aligned with our plans!
Callie & A., 4 years ago
Jacques Flower Shop 

5.0

Manchester, NH
  • Florist

Jacques Flower Shop, Inc. has been a family-run business since its inception in 1910. For 100 years, we have provided the Greater Manchester, NH Area with beautiful fresh flowers, plants and more! We travel for weddings and events throughout New England and would be delighted to be a part of your special day.

Jacques Flower Shop was an absolute dream to work with for our wedding. From the very first interaction, their team was incredibly friendly, took the time to understand our vision, and made the entire process of planning the florals for our big day a breeze. When the day arrived, their work exceeded all of our expectations - the bouquets, centerpieces, and incredible ceremony decor (which had to get moved and built last minute due to rain) were absolutely brilliant, leaving our guests in awe. The Jacques team truly went above and beyond to make our day over-the-top stunning. There simply aren't enough good things to say about them - they are the absolute best and we are so grateful for their spectacular contribution to our special day!
Haley N., 5 months ago
TrendlineTrending
DJ Alan C 

4.7

  • DJ
  • Serves Manchester, NH

Over 25 Years of DJ'ing experience. Providing professional sound and lighting at reasonable costs. With an extensive library of over 200K songs providing music for all types of genres. Able to beat mix music when needed.

Awarded Best of Zola
Alan C was easy and great to work with! We had a music range from Bad Bunny, Creed, The Killers and more! We shared with him a playlist of some of our favorite songs, a list of "do not play" whether they were styles of music, artists or specific songs and a "must play" list. His online forum was easy to navigate and use. We loved the uplighting and the audio guestbook (phone)!! Also I appreciate that he read and followed through with all the small notes we left for him (specifically we asked for father/daughter, mother/son and first dance to end after the chorus and not play the entire 3-4 minutes). Such a great time. We received so many compliments on our music and the dance floor was busy all night long! He was always very responsive and quick to work with any last minute changes (we had a rainy day).
Chris & M., 2 months ago
Quick responder
JW Artistry 

4.9

  • Beauty professional
  • Team of 20
  • Starts at $925
  • Serves Manchester, NH

Hi all! I'm Janna! I am so excited to share the amazing experience of what is one of THE most important days of your life! I can offer over 14 years of professional hair design and makeup artistry! I attended Paul Mitchell, The School and graduated Phase II in 2008. I then attended the Toni & Guy Advanced Academy for Hairdressers in 2014 and earned a specialization in special occasion styling, bridal styling, and makeup artistry for print and editorial work. I serve all over New England and travel on-site to my brides to ensure their wedding morning is seamless and leaves amazing memories!

Awarded Best of Zola
Janna was the best ever!!! I ended up changing my vision for my hair after my trial and she knocked it out of the park. On top of that, I was wildly unwell the morning of and she was so patient and kind to me and it helped tremendously! Best ever, recommend 10/10.
Devin G., 2 months ago
Quick responder
Pictus Photography 

5.0

  • Photographer
  • Classic style
  • Starts at $1,250
  • Serves Manchester, NH

About Ben Paquette From the moment I started shooting with my very first camera, I felt like I had an eye for photography. Although I have been a photographer for many years now, because I am so passionate about taking pictures, I am always looking at opportunities to grow and develop my skills even further. I look at every event or client with the intention of creating something that is truly special and captivating. I love interacting with people and capturing the special moments in people’s lives. Simply put, I am a photographer and I love what I do.

Awarded Best of Zola
We had such a great time working with Ben for our engagement photos and it only solidified how awesome it would be for our wedding the following autumn. He was flexible and professional, made sure we were comfortable, and thoroughly explained everything so we knew what to expect from our final photos. Speaking of which, they came in 3 days! We were happy to wait the full two-week period for engagement photos, but getting them sooner blew us away. Our wedding experience was somehow even better—Ben and his second shooter were so fun and added such a good vibe to the already amazing day. They covered EVERYTHING and we received our photos well before the estimated delivery date (again!) which meant we got to scroll through our gorgeous photos on our honeymoon. The sheer number of photos is incredible and I can never choose my favorite (I change my mind every time and it’s been 2 years). Our wedding was everything we ever dreamed and Ben’s work captures it beautifully. Truly cannot recommend Pictus Photography highly enough!
Lissa, a year ago
Quick responder
Little Blooms 

5.0

  • Florist
  • Starts at $4,000
  • Serves Manchester, NH

I started my business in 2018, after I finished floral design classes from Cass School of Floral in Watertown, MA. I have had hands on experience from Floral Arts in Westford, MA and have completed over 75 weddings in my time as a floral designer. I have a little intern named Larry, a corgi-pit mix, who is the model for Little Blooms, who you will see a lot of on Instagram. I love using locally grown flowers as much as I can in my work, to really showcase 'farm to florist'.

Awarded Best of Zola
Working with Danielle was a dream! From the first phone call to the day of our wedding she was a delight to work with! She listened to my ideas and gave suggestions to help really bring our vision to life! Her work was truly better than anything I could have dreamt of! I couldn’t recommend her more!
Kristin, a year ago

Manchester, NH reception venues by style

Outdoor spaces
Outdoor spaces